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#assumptions

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jan
The assumption is that there are certain physical laws (‘equations’) that all matter must obey, epitomized in the Newtonian paradigm. In sum, this is an ‘upward’ theory of causation. … What is causing scientists to consider that one must go beyond analysis is their dawning realization that upward causality contains no explanation for why complexity increases. Note that “complex forms emerge” is not an answer: emergence is a descriptive concept, not an explanatory one.
—Aloisius H. Louie, More Than Life Itself: A Synthetic Continuation in Relational Biology
#science #assumptions #paradigms #complexity #emergence
#Emergence
Continued thread
jan
”[Friedrich] Schelling—and I—find it implausible that nature was ever entirely mindless. Instead, nature must have been seeded with proto-mentality from the outset… That realization forces us to revise our picture of nature before scientific investigation even begins.”
—Matthew Segall, Prehensions, Propositions, and the Cosmological Commons
#assumptions #mind #matter
#matter
Dr Mircea Zloteanu ☀️ 🌊🌴

#statstab #260 Effect size measures in a two-independent-samples case with nonnormal and nonhomogeneous data

Thoughts: "A_w and d_r were generally robust to these violations"

#robust #effectsize #ttest #2groups #metaanalysis #assumptions #ttest #cohend

link.springer.com/article/10.3

SpringerLinkEffect size measures in a two-independent-samples case with nonnormal and nonhomogeneous data - Behavior Research MethodsIn psychological science, the “new statistics” refer to the new statistical practices that focus on effect size (ES) evaluation instead of conventional null-hypothesis significance testing (Cumming, Psychological Science, 25, 7–29, 2014). In a two-independent-samples scenario, Cohen’s (1988) standardized mean difference (d) is the most popular ES, but its accuracy relies on two assumptions: normality and homogeneity of variances. Five other ESs—the unscaled robust d (d r * ; Hogarty & Kromrey, 2001), scaled robust d (d r ; Algina, Keselman, & Penfield, Psychological Methods, 10, 317–328, 2005), point-biserial correlation (r pb ; McGrath & Meyer, Psychological Methods, 11, 386–401, 2006), common-language ES (CL; Cliff, Psychological Bulletin, 114, 494–509, 1993), and nonparametric estimator for CL (A w ; Ruscio, Psychological Methods, 13, 19–30, 2008)—may be robust to violations of these assumptions, but no study has systematically evaluated their performance. Thus, in this simulation study the performance of these six ESs was examined across five factors: data distribution, sample, base rate, variance ratio, and sample size. The results showed that A w and d r were generally robust to these violations, and A w slightly outperformed d r . Implications for the use of A w and d r in real-world research are discussed.
#psychology#statistics#research
Continued thread
Likely Jan Lukas

My elder was disgusted with his behaviour.

Besides not wanting to be preached at when shopping, they were deeply offended that a complete stranger would be making assumptions about their religious beliefs.

I concur: there was no religious imagery on my elder, but then there was none on the antimasker either.

To assume anyone involved was of ANY particular belief was obviously foolish.

6/x

#elders
#religion
#faith
#assumptions
#ReligiousAggression
#antimasker

Replied in thread
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Fubaroque

@stuartmarks Good idea to ask then. I assumed you already knew what he said. #assumptions… 🤣

May I suggest picking up a copy of Effective Java then? There are PDF’s floating around on the web. Just the kind of thing that will get you to the “next level” when you start to have questions like that. (In fact it is one of those books that I like to reread occasionally… and learn some more.)

SwindlerOfInsanity

I've noticed something, news #media is manipulative. Many headlines and articles from mainstream news outlets are written in a deliberately provocative way that reinforces unfounded #biases or #assumptions. #polarization weakens the social bonds that hold communities together. focusing on what divides people you weaken trust. This feels like a deliberate and systematic attack intended to break communities apart and sow distrust. and it seems to be happening independent of political orientation.

jan
The concept of an atom did not emerge from any analysis offered by Newton; rather, he simply presupposed particles without structure and devoted himself entirely to synthesis, asking what behaviour can be manifested by such particles, individually or collectively. The formalism based on this procedure assumes that that almost everything of importance is unentailed. There is no place for final causes. Why? questions are ruled out. The only entailment is a recursive rule governing state succession. Causation is collapsed down to what can be encoded in a state transition sequence, as this is all the Newtonian language allows to be decoded back into causal language. Further strictures follow from the assumption that the universe is composed of structureless particles, that every system has a largest model from which every other model can be effectively abstracted by purely formal means…
—Arran Gare, Overcoming the Newtonian paradigm: The unfinished project of theoretical biology from a Schellingian perspective
#causality #formalisms #assumptions
#assumptions
PyOhio

The #PyOhio 2024 final Keynote speaker is 🐍 🍪 🐍 @treyhunner 🐍 🍪 🐍 with "Brains are Beautiful Liars" talking about thinking about thinking, #metacongition, and thinking about why thoughts are thought.

It stretches from #biases, erroneous #assumptions and so much which is focused on thinking about how you view and describe the world, that this blurb is very difficult to write. It's outstanding, thought provoking, and something worth much reflection.

Dr Mircea Zloteanu ☀️ 🌊🌴

#statstab #139 Default Bayes Factors for Testing the (In)equality of Several Population Variances

Thoughts: People like assumption checks, using "default" stuff, and bayes factors. So, an ideal preprint.

#r #bayes #bayesian #statistics #assumptions

arxiv.org/abs/2003.06278

arXiv.orgDefault Bayes Factors for Testing the (In)equality of Several Population VariancesTesting the (in)equality of variances is an important problem in many statistical applications. We develop default Bayes factor tests to assess the (in)equality of two or more population variances, as well as a test for whether the population variances equal a specific value. The resulting test can be used to check assumptions for commonly used procedures such as the $t$-test or ANOVA, or test substantive hypotheses concerning variances directly. We show that our Bayes factor fulfills a number of desiderata. Researchers may have directed hypotheses such as $σ_{1}^{2} > σ_{2}^{2}$, they may want to extend $\mathcal{H}_{0}$ to have a null-region, or wish to combine hypotheses about equality with hypotheses about inequality, for example $σ_{1}^{2} = σ_{2}^{2} > (σ_{3}^{2}, σ_{4}^{2})$. We extend our Bayes factor test to allow for these deviations from our proposed default and illustrate it on a number of practical examples. Our procedure is implemented in the R package $bfvartest$.
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