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#forces

6 posts4 participants2 posts today
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Actin Branching Regulates Cell Spreading and Force on Talin, but not Activation of YAP"
doi.org/doi:10.1007/s12195-025
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/409637
#Forces #Force #Actin #Cell

SpringerLinkActin Branching Regulates Cell Spreading and Force on Talin, but not Activation of YAP - Cellular and Molecular BioengineeringPurpose Cells sense the mechanical properties of their environment through physical engagement and spreading, with high stiffness driving nuclear translocation of the mechanosensitive transcription factor YAP. Restriction of cell spread area or environmental stiffness both inhibit YAP activation and nuclear translocation. The Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in polymerization of branched actin networks that drive cell spreading, protrusion, and migration. While YAP activation has been closely linked to cellular spreading, the specific role of actin branching in force buildup and YAP activation is unclear. Methods To assess the role of actin branching in this process, we measured cell spreading, YAP nuclear translocation, force on the adhesion adaptor protein Talin (FRET tension sensor), and extracellular forces (traction force microscopy, TFM) in 3T3 cells with and without inhibition of actin branching. Results The results indicate that YAP activation still occurs when actin branching and cell spreading is reduced. Interestingly, while actin de-branching resulted in decreased force on talin, relatively little change in average traction stress was observed, highlighting the distinct difference between molecular level and cellular level force regulation of YAP. Conclusions While cell spreading is a driver of YAP nuclear translocation, this is likely through indirect effects. Changes in cell spreading induced by actin branching inhibition do not significantly perturb YAP activation. Additionally, this work provides evidence that focal adhesion molecular forces are not a direct regulator of YAP activation.
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Optimized Designs for High-Efficiency Particle Sorting in Serpentine Microfluidic Channels"
arxiv.org/abs/2509.10998 #Physics.Flu-Dyn #Physics.Med-Ph #Forces #Cell

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arXiv.orgOptimized Designs for High-Efficiency Particle Sorting in Serpentine Microfluidic ChannelsEfficient particle sorting in microfluidic systems is vital for advancements in biomedical diagnostics and industrial applications. This study numerically investigates particle migration and passive sorting in symmetric serpentine microchannels, leveraging inertial and centrifugal forces for label-free, high-throughput separation. Using a two-dimensional numerical model, particle dynamics were analyzed across varying flow rates, diameter ratios (1.2, 1.5, and 2), and channel configurations. The optimized serpentine geometry achieved particle separation efficiencies exceeding 95% and throughput greater than 99%.A novel scaling framework was developed to predict the minimum number of channel loops required for efficient sorting. Additionally, the robustness of the proposed scaling framework is demonstrated by its consistency with findings from previous studies, which exhibit the same trend as predicted by the scaling laws, underscoring the universality and reliability of the model. Additionally, the study revealed the significant influence of density ratio (α) on sorting efficiency, where higher α values enhanced separation through amplified hydrodynamic forces. Optimal flow rates tailored to particle sizes were identified, enabling the formation of focused particle streaks for precise sorting. However, efficiency declined beyond these thresholds due to particle entrapment in micro-vortices or boundary layers. This work provides valuable insights and design principles for developing compact, cost-effective microfluidic systems, with broad applications in biomedical fields like cell sorting and pathogen detection, as well as industrial processes requiring precise particle handlin
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "An integrated vertex model of the mesoderm invagination during the embryonic development of Drosophila"
arxiv.org/abs/2508.18084 #Q-Bio.To #Nlin.Ao #Forces #Cell

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arXiv.orgAn integrated vertex model of the mesoderm invagination during the embryonic development of DrosophilaThe mesoderm invagination of the Drosophila embryo is known as an archetypal morphogenic process. To explore the roles of the active cellular forces and the regulation of these forces, we developed an integrated vertex model that combines the regulation of morphogen expression with cell movements and tissue mechanics. Our results suggest that a successful furrow formation requires an apical tension gradient, decreased basal tension, and increased lateral tension, which corresponds to apical constriction, basal expansion, and apicobasal shortening respectively. Our model also considers the mechanical feedback which leads to an ectopic twist expression with external compression as observed in experiments. Our model predicts that ectopic invagination could happen if an external compressive gradient is applied.
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Modification of adhesion between microparticles and engineered silicon surfaces"
arxiv.org/abs/2508.13887 #Cond-Mat.Mtrl-Sci #Physics.Chem-Ph #Physics.App-Ph #Adhesion #Forces

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arXiv.orgModification of adhesion between microparticles and engineered silicon surfacesA key challenge in performing experiments with microparticles is controlling their adhesion to substrates. For example, levitation of a microparticle initially resting on a surface requires overcoming the surface adhesion forces to deliver the microparticle into a mechanical potential acting as a trap. By engineering the surface of silicon substrates, we aim to decrease the adhesion force between a metallic microparticle and the silicon surface. To this end, we investigate different methods of surface engineering that are based on chemical, physical, or physio-chemical modifications of the surface of silicon. We give quantitative results on the detachment force, finding a correlation between the water contact angle and the mean detachment force, indicating that hydrophobic surfaces are desired for low microparticle adhesion. We develop surface preparations decreasing the mean detachment force by more than a factor of three, or the force at which 50% of particles move by more than a factor of six, the compared to an untreated silicon surface. Our results will enable reliable levitation of microparticles and are relevant for experiments requiring low adhesion between microparticles and a surface.
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